Visualforce With lightning

Visualforce is a markup language that allows you to describe the user interface components that live on your Force.com.Visualforce is the component-based user interface framework for the Force.com platform. The framework includes a tag-based markup language; similar to HTML. Visualforce is used for building various attractive and dynamic applications. Visualforce lives on the server. So any code you write will be generated and run on the server.

whenever visualforce comes to your mind you always think about the classic. just think when you have an option to run your VF in Lightning.

So, the question is how to open the VF page on the lightning:

Your Visualforce apps and custom tabs are all available from the App Launcher. To open the App Launcher, click in the navigation bar. To see all of your apps and items, select View All.

You must enable “Available for Lightning Experience, Lightning Communities, and the mobile app” for a Visualforce page to make it available in the Lightning App Builder.

Although their placement in the Lightning Experience user interface is quite different from Salesforce Classic, the process of adding quick actions is much the same. Add them to the appropriate publisher area on the object’s page layout.

You can override the actions available on an object with a Visualforce page. When the user clicks a button or link that has been overridden, your page displays instead of the standard page. Setting this up is pretty much identical to Salesforce Classic. Indeed, you’ll have a hard time telling that you’re in Lightning Experience when defining an action override!

when we include visualforce page inside the lightning we create two containers.one is the outer container which is lightning and the inner is visualforce.
The largest difference between Visualforce in Lightning Experience and Visualforce in Salesforce Classic is the environment it runs in. In Salesforce Classic, Visualforce “owns” the page, the request, the environment. Visualforce is the application container. But in Lightning Experience, Visualforce runs inside an iframe that’s wrapped inside the larger Lightning Experience container.
The advantage of running Visualforce pages inside an iframe is that for pages that don’t need to access or change the top-level browsing context, running inside the iframe looks almost exactly like running as a page in Salesforce Classic. This is why you don’t need to modify all of your Visualforce pages to adapt to the wildly different behind-the-scenes request environment of Lightning Experience.

The effects of the new Visualforce container — embedding the Visualforce page into an iframe within the Lightning Experience app — can be broadly divided into two categories, which we’ll call security and scope.
Security Impact

Elements of security that might be affected include the following.

When we talk about scope we’re mainly talking about the following kinds of things.

If you really need to affect things across frame boundaries, use window.postMessage to send a message to receiving code in the other frame.

Use the $User.UITheme and $User.UIThemeDisplayed global variables to determine the current user experience context. You can use these variables in Visualforce expressions to adapt your pages to Lightning Experience, Salesforce Classic, and the Salesforce app.

These global variables return a string that uniquely identifies the current user interface context. The possible values for $User.UITheme and $User.UIThemeDisplayed are the same:

The difference between the two variables is $User.UITheme returns the look and feels the user is supposed to see, while $User.UIThemeDisplayed returns the look and feels the user actually sees.

There are three-way to detect the user experience
1. Visualforce Page
<apex:outputText value=”This is Salesforce Classic.” rendered=”{! $User.UIThemeDisplayed == ‘Theme3’ }”/>

2. Javascript
UITheme.getUITheme

3. Apex Class
UserInfo.getUiTheme() and UserInfo.getUiThemeDisplayed()

Visualforce components that produce HTML have pass-through style and styleClass attributes. These attributes allow you to use your own styles and style classes to control the look and feel of the resulting HTML. style allows you to set styles directly on a component, while styleClass lets you attach classes for styles defined elsewhere.

Adding Custom Stylesheet: <apex:stylesheet value="{!$Resource.AppStylesheet}"/>

To create Visualforce pages that match the Lightning Experience visual design, create new pages using the Lightning Design System. There are a couple of ways to use the Lightning Design System in your Visualforce pages.
To do this, you can either download the Lightning Design System stylesheets from their website and use them as you would any other stylesheet, or you can add the <apex:slds> component to the markup of your Visualforce page. The <apex:slds> component allows you to reference Lightning Design System stylesheets without uploading them as a static resource, simplifying the syntax of your page and preventing you from hitting the 250-MB static resource limit.

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